Progesterone in Oil for IVF: What It Is and How It’s Used?

After the egg retrieval phase of your IVF cycle, the focus shifts to supporting your uterine lining ahead of embryo transfer. That’s where progesterone comes in. It’s one of the most consistently prescribed medications in any IVF protocol — and it comes in several forms.

Here’s a clear breakdown of Progesterone in Oil for IVF, how it compares to oral options, and what to expect during this part of your cycle.

Why Is Progesterone Used in IVF?

After ovulation — or after egg retrieval in an IVF cycle — progesterone levels naturally rise to prepare the uterine lining for a fertilized egg. In a stimulated IVF cycle, this natural rise is often insufficient on its own. The egg retrieval process can disrupt the follicles that produce progesterone, so supplementation is needed.

Progesterone supplementation during the luteal phase:

• Thickens and stabilizes the uterine lining
• Creates the right environment for embryo implantation
• Supports early pregnancy until the placenta takes over

Without adequate progesterone support, even a healthy embryo may fail to implant. That’s why every IVF protocol includes some form of progesterone after retrieval. For a full picture of what’s involved in an IVF cycle, this overview of the IVF process is worth reading.

What Is Progesterone in Oil?

Progesterone in oil (PIO) is an injectable form of progesterone suspended in a carrier oil — usually sesame or ethyl oleate. It’s given as an intramuscular injection, typically into the upper outer area of the buttocks.

PIO has been used in IVF protocols for decades and has a strong track record. It produces consistent, predictable blood levels of progesterone, which some clinics prefer for monitoring purposes.

The main downsides of PIO are practical:

• Intramuscular injections are deeper and more uncomfortable than subcutaneous shots
• Most patients need help from a partner or nurse to reach the injection site
• Injection site soreness, lumps, and bruising are common with daily use
• The thick oil can be harder to inject, especially in cold temperatures

If you experience bruising or discomfort from injections, this guide on avoiding bruising after IVF injections has some practical tips.

Oral Progesterone: A Common Alternative

Many clinics now use oral or vaginal progesterone capsules instead of — or alongside — progesterone in oil. Research over the past decade has shown that oral and vaginal progesterone can be just as effective as injections for most patients.

Progestan is a widely used oral progesterone capsule available in 100 mg and 200 mg doses. It contains micronized progesterone, which is absorbed more efficiently than older formulations.

Advantages of oral progesterone capsules over injections:

• No needles — easier for patients who struggle with injections
• Self-administered without assistance
• No injection site soreness or lumps
• Easy to take at home on a consistent schedule

Your clinic will decide which form is right for your protocol. Some patients use both — injections for the first part of the luteal phase, then transition to capsules. Others use capsules throughout. Either way, the goal is the same: stable progesterone levels to support implantation and early pregnancy.

When Does Progesterone Start in an IVF Cycle?

Progesterone supplementation typically begins 1–3 days after egg retrieval and continues through the embryo transfer and beyond. If a pregnancy is confirmed, most clinics continue progesterone support through weeks 10–12 of pregnancy, until the placenta is producing enough on its own.

Your exact start date, dose, and duration will depend on your protocol. Always follow your clinic’s instructions — don’t adjust your dose without checking first.

How Much Does Progesterone Cost for IVF?

Progesterone is one of the more affordable medications in an IVF protocol, but costs still add up — especially if you’re doing multiple cycles or need extended support after a positive pregnancy test.

Ordering through a licensed international IVF provider can reduce your progesterone costs significantly compared to US retail prices. For a full breakdown of what IVF medications typically cost and how to save, this post on IVF costs without insurance is a helpful read. You can also explore all available IVF medications and request a quote based on your full prescription.

Tips for Using Progesterone During Your IVF Cycle

• Take or inject progesterone at the same time every day — consistency matters
• If using PIO, warm the oil slightly before injecting to make it easier to draw and inject
• Rotate injection sites to reduce soreness and lumps
• Store progesterone capsules at room temperature, away from heat and moisture
• Never skip a dose — contact your clinic if you miss one

Frequently Asked Questions About Progesterone in Oil for IVF

What is progesterone in oil for in IVF used?

Progesterone in oil is used to support the uterine lining after egg retrieval and during embryo transfer. It replaces the natural progesterone your body would normally produce and helps create the right conditions for implantation and early pregnancy.

How is progesterone in oil injected?

Progesterone in oil is given as an intramuscular injection, usually into the upper outer part of the buttocks. Because the injection is deeper than a subcutaneous shot, most patients find it easier with help from a partner. Your clinic will show you the correct technique before your cycle starts.

Is progesterone in oil better than oral progesterone for IVF?

Not necessarily. Multiple studies have shown that oral and vaginal progesterone capsules produce comparable IVF outcomes to injectable progesterone in oil. The best option depends on your clinic’s protocol and how your body responds. Many clinics now prefer oral or vaginal forms because theyre easier for patients to manage.

What is Progestan and how is it different from progesterone in oil?

Progestan is an oral micronized progesterone capsule available in 100 mg and 200 mg doses. Unlike progesterone in oil — which is injected — Progestan is taken by mouth. Both deliver progesterone to support the uterine lining, but the delivery method is different. Your doctor will prescribe whichever form fits your protocol.

When do you start taking progesterone in IVF?

Most protocols start progesterone 1–3 days after egg retrieval. It continues through the embryo transfer and, if pregnancy is confirmed, typically until weeks 10–12 when the placenta takes over progesterone production.

How long do you take progesterone after an IVF transfer?

If the transfer is successful, most clinics continue progesterone supplementation through the first trimester — usually until around week 10–12 of pregnancy. If the transfer does not result in pregnancy, progesterone is stopped and a new cycle may be planned.

Can I order progesterone capsules online for my IVF cycle?

Yes, with a valid prescription from your doctor. Licensed international IVF providers can ship progesterone capsules directly to your address. You can order Progestan 200 mg or Progestan 100 mg through Fast IVF, or request a free quote for your full protocol.